Телесно ориентированная психотерапия упражнения: Упражнения Александра Лоуэна — Телесно-ориентированная психотерапия

Телесно-ориентированная психотерапия: Упражнение для коррекции

В последнее время мы не умеем ни работать в паре, ни жить с партнёром. А ведь человек — это лишь…

В последнее время мы не умеем ни работать в паре, ни жить с партнёром. А ведь человек — это лишь «половинка». Он тяготеет к «целому».

Помните такие теории, идущие от Платона? Я бы не спешила их отменять. Теория — верная. Это мы — сбились с пути.

Но всё равно, что-то не верится в то, что человек — это половинка. Всем так хорошо живётся в одиночку и так неуютно — вдвоём…

«Вместе тесно, а врозь скучно»

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А это всего лишь очередное базовое личностное нарушение. Неумение отпускать себя в процесс, в данном случае — в процесс общения.

В процессе общения, в процессе контакта, Я растворяется в МЫ.

Мы — образование нестойкое, оно существует только какое-то время, пока длится истинный контакт.

Но мы не можем отпустить себя в процесс, мы боимся утратить своё Я, чтобы поиметь взамен что-то качественно другое, большее и более интересное.

И поэтому мы не знаем истинного партнёрства… Страдая от этого, мы ищем — кто бы нас научил. А вот…

А вот телесно-ориентированная психотерапия придумала одно великолепное упражнение.

Оно (упражнение) с помощью психотерапевтической метафоры учит нас тому: что такое вообще ОТНОШЕНИЯ.

Как только мы научимся этому упражнению — мы научимся и ладить с партнёрами. В этом и состоит пафос психологии. Всё «вот так просто» (но и сложно одновременно).

Выполнять это упражнение из копилки телесно-ориентированной психотерапии необходимо, особенно если с выстраиванием партнёрских отношений — проблемы и проблемы очевидные. А они очевидные — у большинства.

«ТАНЦУЮЩАЯ ТОЧКА»: Упражнение для коррекции хронически проблемных партнёрских отношений

1. Возьмите себе любого партнёра. (Совсем неважно, кто это). Встаньте на расстоянии вытянутой руки друг от друга. Закройте глаза. Можно выполнять упражнение под музыку.

2. Соедините ваши руки таким образом: один палец одного партнёра в одной крохотной точке соприкасается с пальцем второго партнёра.

3. А теперь начните ощущать ТОЧКУ ВАШЕГО КОНТАКТА!

Цель упражнения телесно-ориентированной психотерапии: почувствовать эту точку.

Для этого надо на время забыть себя и стать этой точкой самому. Нужно понять, что точка одновременно принадлежит обоим. И без двоих её нет.

Эта точка — телесная метафора Семьи, Брака, Любви, Флирта — в общем — ОТНОШЕНИЙ.

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А теперь вы должны понять, что эта точка живёт по своим собственным законам, что у неё появляются СВОИ ПЛАНЫ, отличные от ваших.

Эта точка поведёт вас двоих в танец, потому что ей захочется самой — танцевать, двигаться.

С закрытыми глазами вы оба представляете себе эту точку как пульсирующий сгусток энергии, как световое пятно в глухой тьме, как лазерную указку, пляшущую свой независимый танец…

Самостоятельное движение точки в этом упражнении обязательно потянет за собой и движение ваших тел. Вот так начнётся Ваш танец — побочный эффект от танца точки.

А теперь запомните следующие вещи:

1. Сколько продлится ваш контакт — никто не берётся предсказать, это и не нужно. У упражнения нет чётких временных рамок. Вы должны ПОЧУВСТВОВАТЬ момент завершения.

2. Это техническое правило данного упражнения является одновременно и высоким «Правилом» из психологии отношений — «Любая истинная близость живёт ровно столько, сколько ей суждено. Не больше. И не меньше».

Понять это — значит разом перестать быть несчастным из-за постоянных «несчастных романов».
 

Вот так телесно-ориентированная психотерапия с помощью метафор тела учит наш ум, «как ему жить в этой жизни».

Психологи говорят: у этой волшебной танцующей точки — своя жизнь, (внимание!) как и у любого настоящего контакта между двумя людьми!

Есть три нехитрых правила выполнения упражнения телесно-ориентированной психотерапии «Танцующая точка»

«Чего нельзя?» или критерии правильности:

1. Нельзя открывать глаза во время упражнения.

2. Нельзя увеличивать площадь контакта.

3. Нельзя разговаривать во время выполнения упражнения.

Вы не заставляете двигаться эту точку — Вы всего лишь идёте за ней… и всё.

Телесно-ориентированная психотерапия и танцы

Такое упражнение телесно-ориентированной психотерапии может предшествовать любым танцевальным урокам.

Есть люди, которые не могут научиться танцевать классический парный танец — вальс, танго и пр.

Одни настолько не владеют своим телом, что боятся наступить на ноги партнёру.

А другие наступают партнёру на ноги потому что … не умеют чувствовать контакт. Своим телом они худо-бедно владеют, но вот ощутить слияние и единство — это для них непосильная задача, как петь в хоре или под аккомпанемент музыкального инструмента.

Кто в лес, кто по дрова…

Таким людям, прежде чем учиться танцевать (особенно парные танцы) необходимо попрактиковаться в ряде упражнений телесно-ориентированной психотерапии.

Говорят, танго — это драма, в которой в сжатой форме пересказывается жизнь человека, со всеми её страстями.

Можно сказать, что любой танец — это психологическая (телесно-ориентированная) драма, метафора нашей жизни во всех частных её аспектах.

Поэтому умение танцевать всегда свидетельствует о том, что мы умеем и жить. Ведь танец — это метафорическая школа жизни.

Иначе бы танец не сопровождал человечество в его главных ритуалах с незапамятных времён, иначе бы не было религиозного танца, танца ритуального.

Но прежде чем учиться танцевать (а этот навык как и многие другие — утерян, поэтому нам и потребовалась психотерапия в ХХ веке), нам нужно «прогнать» себя через упражнения и техники телесно-ориентированной психотерапии.

Тогда мы поймём душу танца — его истинную пользу и смысл, передаваемый им немой месседж.

И учиться хорошо танцевать закомплексованным танцорам тогда будет легче.

И танец принесёт пользу.

Ведь просто вспотеть от танца или разбудить топотом своих ног соседей, живущих этажом ниже — разве в этом его смысл?опубликовано econet.ru. Если у вас возникли вопросы по этой теме, задайте их специалистам и читателям нашего проекта здесь.

Автор: Елена Назаренко

P.S. И помните, всего лишь изменяя свое сознание — мы вместе изменяем мир! © econet

90000 Body-oriented psychotherapy — methods, techniques, exercises 90001 90002 Body-oriented psychotherapy is a way of soul therapy that exists as long as humanity lives. Her techniques developed in parallel in the eastern and western directions, because for centuries in the eastern currents there was a different culture of the body and corporeality in general. Now, different approaches are found in modern psychological, body-oriented practice. Methods of this direction are easily superimposed on other methods of psychological work.Moreover, very often, using just the body-oriented approach, we can raise from the unconscious those deep contents that are blocked by other methods. 90003 90002 Finally, it has become more customary in our culture to pay attention to the experiences of our own body, and not only when it is sick. They began to respect the body more respectfully, but still, the dominant is often shifted towards the head, less attention is paid to the body. This is clearly seen in the statistics of the drawing test, when it is proposed to draw a person, and many people do not have enough space for the body on the sheet.Therefore, throat problems are so common, because the throat connects the head to the body. 90003 90002 In the European tradition, the history of the bodily approach is hard to trace; in psychology, it is customary to start it with Wilhelm Reich. Despite his frequent criticism, he introduced all the concepts used by body-oriented therapists to this day. Modern European body psychotherapy has grown under the strong influence of psychoanalysis, therefore it can be considered as a method of working with the same problem, but through a different input.90003 90002 The corporal direction allows the psychologist to work with a client, which is difficult to realize and verbalize your problem. He would be ready to explain why he felt bad, but he literally lacked words. The other extreme is when the client is overly talkative and even uses speech to avoid the problem. Body-oriented psychotherapy will deprive him of the usual pattern of protection, covering up a psychological problem. 90003 90010 Body-oriented psychotherapy methods 90011 90002 The body does not lie, revealing the very essence of emotional experience.It is difficult to hide your resistance in the body — you can even fix it. You can deny your anxiety, but you can not hide the trembling in the hands or the stiffness of the whole body. And since working with resistance in solving a psychological problem often takes most of the time, an objective, materialistic physical approach is very effective. 90003 90002 Absolutely all human experiences are encoded in the body. And those that we can not decode through speech, it is possible to reveal through the body.The amount of non-verbal information that signals the state of a person is simply huge, and you only need to learn how to work with it. The problems of over-control appear in the head, in the hands and shoulders — the difficulties of contacts with people, intimate problems are reflected in the pelvis, while the legs carry us information about the difficulties of supporting a person, his confidence and movement in life. 90003 90002 Body-oriented therapy is based on an attempt to appeal to the animal body of a person, to what is natural in us, naturally and contains a lot of useful information.However, our social body often comes into conflict with instinctive aspirations, taboo them and cause many psychological problems. We often do not hear our body well and do not know how to establish interaction with it. 90003 90002 The body-oriented psychotherapy of Reich is based on the studied psychological defenses and their manifestation in the body — the so-called muscle carapace. This concept was introduced by Reich to refer to constricted muscles and tight breathing, which form like armor, a physical manifestation of various methods of psychological defense considered by psychoanalysis.Reich’s method was to modify the state of the body, as well as the impact on the clamped area. For each individual muscle group, he developed techniques to reduce tension and release pinched emotions. The techniques were aimed at breaking the muscle carapace, for this purpose they were touched on the client squeezing or pinching. Pleasure Reich saw as a natural flow of energy from the center of the body to the outside, and anxiety is the shift of this movement to the person inside. 90003 90002 Alexander Lowen modified Reich’s therapy and created his own direction — bioenergy, widely known under this name today.The body-oriented psychotherapy of Lowen sees the body as a bioelectric ocean with an ongoing chemical-energy exchange. The goal of therapy is also emotional release, emancipation of a person. Lowen used the Rayhian breathing technique, and also introduced various tense positions of the body to energize blocked areas. In the postures he developed, the pressure on the muscles is constantly and so increasing that the person is eventually forced to relax them, unable to cope with the exorbitant load.In order to adopt one’s own body, the methodology used observation of him naked in front of a mirror or in front of other participants in the training who gave their comments after. The description of the body made it possible to compose an image of the muscular carapace characteristic of a particular person, and the problems coming from him. 90003 90002 The method of the next famous psychotherapist, Moshe Feldenkrais, examines the conflict between the social mask and the natural sense of satisfaction, instincts, motives.If a person merges with his social mask, he seems to be losing himself, but the Feldenkrais method allows you to create new, more harmonious habits that will smooth out this conflicting tension and allow internal contents to manifest themselves. Feldenkrais considered deformed patterns of muscle acts, which with their strengthening become increasingly stagnant and act outside of consciousness. He paid great attention to freedom of movement in simple actions, the client was advised to independently look for the best position for his body, corresponding to his individual anatomy.90003 90002 Matthias Alexander also investigated bodily habits, postures, posture in order to find more harmonious and natural positions. He considered the most correct maximum straightening, stretching the spine up. Alexander’s therapy also uses pressure from the head and further down, as a result of which the client relaxes more and more, while trying to straighten out. The result is a feeling of liberation and lightness. This method is often used by public people, dancers, singers, since Alexander himself invented this technique, having lost his voice, and thanks to the solution he found he was able to return to the stage again.It is also effective for therapy in cases of injuries, injuries, and a number of chronic diseases. 90003 90010 Body Oriented Psychotherapy — Exercises 90011 90002 For any work with the body, it is primarily important to feel it and ground it. Stand straight, legs straightened, stretching the crown up and even slightly pushing the chest forward. Feel how all the energy goes up from the legs, this is a state of elation and even some suspension. Take a breath, then, bending your knees, relaxing your pelvis, exhale.Imagine that you are now sitting in an easy chair, as if you are sprouting roots in the ground. Look around, you will feel more present, as if you even begin to feel the air with your skin. This is the simplest exercise to ground yourself and start a deeper work with anything, whether it concerns emotional experiences or further work with the body. 90003 90002 The next exercise is about opening the clamp in the mouth — the jaw clamp. We often tighten our jaws at the time of physical exertion or the need to be persistent, to achieve the goal.Also, if we do not like something, but there is no way to express it, we again tighten our jaw. Sometimes the jaw contracts so tightly that blood circulation in this area is disturbed. You can sit or stand to complete this exercise. Place a palm up under the chin with the back side and now try to inhale, opening your mouth, lower the jaw down, the hand should impede this movement. On exhalation, the jaw relaxes and closes again. After several such movements, you will feel the jaw closure, you can massage it by relaxing the muscles.As a result, you will feel warm, it will become easier for you to pronounce words and, possibly, even breathe. 90003 90002 An example of a body block would be shoulders pulled up. If you tighten this clamp a little more, it turns out that the neck is literally hiding in the shoulders, which like a tortoise shell protect it from a possible blow or push from behind. When a person is already accustomed to such a position of the shoulders — this means that in his life there were many stressful situations when he had to shrink internally.The simplest exercise here is to try as if to throw something off your shoulder. To strengthen the image, we can imagine how someone’s hand is on the shoulder, and we do not want it to be there. Shake it off your shoulder and do it confidently. 90003 90002 Another exercise for the same purpose of releasing the shoulders is repulsion. Put your hands forward, as if trying to push away an unpleasant person. A variation is also possible when you push your elbows back. You can even help yourself to step aside by saying a refusal to contact.90003 90002 In exercises with the presence of another person, which practices both body-oriented psychotherapy of Reich and body-oriented psychotherapy of Lowen, he can massage your forehead, then behind your head, while lying on your back, then the neck area behind your head. It is better if the action is performed by a professional therapist. Perform swaying of the body to the beat with massage movements. Next — the transition to the muscles of the neck, massaging the tendons, the place where the muscles are attached to the skull, soft muscle tension.Again you need to pull your neck and even a little hair, if the length allows. 90003 90002 At any time, if tension is present, you can again return to the forehead, knead, tightly touching your hands with your head. Necessary support and the absence of sudden movements. In the scalp, you also need to perform kneading movements, stretch the scalp. This can be done in different directions by any movements, fingers and knuckles. With each new push, you can change the location of the fingers.Having captured the fold of the superciliary arches, you can pull it to the sides and close it back. 90003 90002 Having worked with the frontal clamp, the transition to the facial muscles is carried out. By placing the fingers symmetrically on the sides of the nose, they should be slowly spread apart to the sides of the ears. We move down the nasolabial fold, pulling the muscle. We work on the jaw muscles, we pay special attention to places of tension. We remove the tension from the jaw bone, put our hands on the sides of the center of the chin and slowly part them again to the ears.The slower the movement, the deeper it is. Working with facial muscles — we work with emotions stuck in them. 90003 90002 Further work shifts to the neck and shoulders. If similar kneading techniques are used in the neck, then support and strong pressure are acceptable in the shoulders in order to straighten them. Pressing is performed with swaying movements, then passing to the hands. Taking the hand, which should be completely relaxed, you need to perform the swing, grab the wrist and pull, then release and repeat the cycle again from swinging.Then the kneading of the brush follows, which, like plasticine, needs to be pulled with the soft parts of the palms, as well as walking with kneading movements on each finger, as if to relieve tension. You can use twisting movements. You need to complete everything with a soothing sway. 90003 90010 Body Oriented Psychotherapy Techniques 90011 90002 The body, as our largest resource, contains all the information recorded in itself. Like rings on a tree, it stores the story of our life about those complex and emotionally saturated situations that remain like nicks on it, manifesting itself in pain and uncomfortable muscle clamps.Work with the body makes it possible to get into the depths, essence, in those nuclear experiences that can persist as the results of conflicts in relationships, at work, internal conflicts, fears, insomnia, emotional stress, which can not be restrained, up to panic attacks. 90003 90002 In any situation, the body is turned on, because it takes on absolutely all the stresses passing through a person’s life. At the moment of tension, excitement, breathing changes, followed by a change in the composition of the blood, hormonal levels, which at the physiological level prepares a person for action.If the gestalt does not close, then this state is then deposited in the muscles. 90003 90002 For the treatment of negative conditions in a body-oriented approach, various techniques are used, starting from the grounding already described. Then, centering is often used, when the client is lying in a pose of a star, and the therapist massages his head, arms and legs with constricting movements, removing excess tension from each part. If the first technique can be performed independently and is suitable for use even outside of therapy, the second requires the presence of a therapist.90003 90002 Special attention should be paid to the common breathing techniques, which in various versions are known even from ancient spiritual practices. By tracking the natural way of breathing a person can diagnose his psychological problems. Then, through a change in rhythm and depth of breathing, a new state of consciousness is reached. In a superficial form, this can be a usual relaxation or toning, which is also applicable in everyday use, when a person himself wants to calm down or tune in, on the contrary, to work.In therapeutic work, breathing techniques can be used much more actively, even in some cases, for immersing a person in a trance. Of course, this requires the guidance of a qualified therapist. 90003 90002 Work with the body is aimed at turning to internal resources, developing the sensation of a given moment of life, the complete presence and release of blocked, trapped energy. All these are obligatory components of a full, joyful life. 90003 .90000 About Somatic Psychotherapy — Body Psychotherapy 90001 90002 By Dirk Marivoet, Registered Psychotherapist (ECP), CCEP, PMT, PT. 90003 90002 Body-centered or Somatic Psychotherapy (also «Body-oriented psychotherapy» or «Body Psychotherapy») is a holistic form of psychotherapy which naturally incorporates the body within the psychotherapeutic process. It has a long history that can be dated back at least 120 years (through the legacy of Pierre Janet) and other influences go back even further.Body Psychotherapy uses various techniques which enhance the awareness of our body and through it, with our thoughts and emotions. It enhances personal growth and helps to overcome psychological weaknesses, symptoms and mental problems when present. The field of Body Psychotherapy has accumulated a lot of scientific knowledge and publications based on valid theoretical views. 90003 90002 The term «Body Psychotherapy» became well established in the larger field of Psychotherapy during the 1980s.The European Association for Body Psychotherapy (EABP), the scientific and administrative association for Body Psychotherapy in Europe, was founded in 1988. USABP is the organisation active in the United States and was founded in 1996. 90003 90008 90009 How does Body-Centered Psychotherapy work? 90010 90011 90002 As in other forms of psychotherapy, the client works together with the psychotherapist to understand and therapeutically work through the issues s / he confronts. Together, they explore the client’s skills and talents that s / he can utilize and most importantly: they explore the client’s ability to heal themselves.They examine the way in which the client’s current problems might relate to their past life history, their experiences within their family environment and any major losses or traumas they had. They collaborate to discover what the client needs in order to deal with their current situation. 90003 90008 90009 What is the advantage of working with the body in Psychotherapy? 90010 90011 90002 There are many idiomatic expressions which indicate the somatic aspect of experience. For example, we refer to our ability to «take a stand», to «be all ears», to have a sense in our guts about something, to have an «open heart», to «raise a wall,» «to blow their top, «etc.90003 90002 In Body Psychotherapy these are not just metaphors. They are seen as the reality of our experience which manifests in our body. They are symbolic keys to crucial decisions we made for ourselves or ideas unconsciously passed to us through family or culture. For example, many people learned to withhold the expression of emotions which were forbidden in their family. Some have the tendency to collapse or withdraw or avoid challenges because they have been discouraged in the past. 90003 90002 We can for instance examine these body postures, patterns of tension or weakness, because they are linked to central issues of our existence and experiences.Working through all this helps us develop self-awareness and open the way for new modes of being. For example, a woman who was discouraged to speak within her family environment, might explore how she learned to clench her throat, shoulders and jaw in order to remain silent. As she works through her emotions towards her family, she might learn how to bring more energy to the upper part of her body so as to have the strength to speak up for herself. In a similar way, a man who finds it hard to relax and allow himself to rest might explore how he forces his body to keep alert.He might then realize that he learned how to get into this alert state as a child, in order to avoid suffering from the lack of proper response to his needs (emotional / physical). This will enable him to consider new ways of being with himself and others. 90003 90008 90009 A Focus on the functional relationship between body and mind. 90010 90011 90002 The body psychotherapist 90009 focusses on the functional relationship and unity between mind and body. 90010 He takes into consideration the complexity of sections and interplay among them, with the common belief that 90009 the body reflects the whole personality 90010.»Body» in this context, does not identify with the pure physiological dimension, neither is there is a hierarchical relationship between the mind and the body. They are both functional and interdependent aspects of the whole human being. While other psychotherapy approaches hardly mention this perspective, Body Psychotherapy considers this fundamental. 90003 90008 90009 Conceptual framework. 90010 90011 90002 Body Psychotherapy includes a developmental model, a theory about personality, hypotheses about the roots of the pathogenic symptoms and dysfunctions together with a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques which are used within the context of the psychotherapeutic relationship.These techniques include the body through observing, touching and moving it and through breathing. 90003 90008 90009 A science. 90010 90011 90002 As a 90009 science, Body-centered Psychotherapy has been developing for more than seventy years 90010, taking into consideration the research on biology, anthropology, the history of civilisations, neurophysiology, neuropsychology, developmental psychology, neonatology and perinatal studies along with the findings that come from the experience of its practice.90003 90002 Body Psychotherapy is effective, as is shown by peer-reviewed research. Alexandra Bloch-Atefi and Julie Smith from Melbourne, 90049 Victoria, Australia 90050 90049 90050 have reviewed the literature which you can consult here http://pacja.org.au/?p=2552 90003 90008 90009 An art. 90010 90011 90002 Psychotherapy can also be called co-creative art (although it should be always based on science and knowledge). Therapists and clients can be seen as creating «healing cultures».The way they do this is partly a mistery. Most likely, as in every art form, a certain talent, specific skills and life experience is required to be an effective body psychotherapist. The science of Body Psychotherapy is absolutely important, but is always complemented by a degree of craftsmanship and artistry. 90003 90008 90009 Essential Concepts of Body Psychotherapy. 90010 90011 90064 90065 90009 Bodymind: 90010 Perhaps the most foundational concept of body psychotherapy, the bodymind represents the embodied integration of thoughts, feelings, and physical bodily experiences and sensations.All parts of a person can be accessed at various points in treatment in order to effectively and holistically address concerns. The «Bodymind» concept claims that our body is «living memory» and carries in it the signs and traces of our personal life experience as well as our familial heritage. All sorts of traumatic experiences and learned fears, impregnate our character and influence our posture which are tangible entrances to the whole Bodymind. 90068 90065 90009 Armoring and Character: 90010 Armoring is a concept developed by Reich.He believed people developed systems of bodily «armor,» or muscle tension / rigidity, in order to protect themselves from emotional and physical pain. These sets of armor contribute to the development of a person’s «character,» according to Reich and his followers, who developed five basic character types to use during assessment and treatment. 90068 90065 90009 Energy: 90010 The concept of energy is central to the application of body psychotherapy. Energy metabolism, storage in and release from the body play an important role in how people carry themselves, hold themselves, experience and heal from pain, and interact with the world.Things like energy flow and release, pulsation, expansion and contraction (e.g. in tissues and organs), and energy charge and discharge are all things body psychotherapists pay attention to throughout treatment. 90068 90065 90009 Body Memory: 90010 This is the controversial premise that memories can actually be stored within the body. Body psychotherapists believe that because of this, some memories can not be processed through talk therapy, but that these traumatic memories and problematic tension can often be released through bodywork and other physical techniques.90068 90065 90009 Trauma: 90010 Body psychotherapy’s concept of trauma aligns with that of body memory, proposing that traumatic experiences can create energy build-up, or blockages, that lead to physical and mental health concerns. 90068 90085 90008 90009 Historical Development of Body-centered Psychotherapy. 90010 90011 90002 It could be said that the history of Body Psychotherapy begins with the work of 90009 Pierre Janet 90010 (1889), at least 3 years before Freud officially established psychoanalysis (1892).According to 90009 David Boadella 90010 (1997), Janet placed an emphasis on the body of the patient and non-verbal communication. His findings are directly linked to Body Psychotherapy, since they include, among other things, significant information concerning the blocking of the diaphragm, the effects of emotional intensity on the flow of bodily fluids and the importance of manual work for patients who have undergone a traumatic shock. 90003 90002 ► Another important researcher was 90009 Albert Abrams 90010 (1891-1910) from San Francisco, who based some of his theories on the work of Franz Anton Mesmer (1779) and Armand-Marie-Jacques de Chastenet and Marquis de Puységur (1784) .He imagined that the secret to health and disease lie in the nature of vibrations emanating from the body’s cells as well as on the interrelation of mind and body. 90003 90002 Sigmund Freud 90003 90002 ►According to Boadella (1997), 90009 Freud 90010 conducted research on the findings of Janet and was influenced by his ideas, but later ignored the study of the body and focused solely on verbal communication. Initially Freud had described the idea of ​​the ego as «first and foremost a body-ego» (Freud, 1923), stating the interconnectedness of mind and body.Also, he initially conceived of the libido within a framework of homeostasis promoting the liberation of bodily energy. Yet later he reconsidered, thinking that the body represents the dangerously predominant power of the instincts that should remain under the control of the mind. The mind thus became the focal point of classic psychotherapy as the means by which man can express his inner core after processing his thoughts and beliefs. 90003 90002 ► It was finally Austro-Hungarian physician and psychoanalyst 90009 Wilhelm Reich 90010 (1897-1957), student and later collaborator of Freud, who gradually became the most important pioneer of Body Psychotherapy.Reich focused on the «Character» of the analysand — the special personal way of being — which forms the foundation for the symptoms that are exhibited. He introduced the concept of the «Armor» referring to the defence mechanism developed by a person in order to cope with intense sensory input and unbearable emotion. The Armour has a character aspect and a somatic aspect. Reich also developed «Neuro-vegetotherapy», a method of restoring the health of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) through particular body techniques and exercises followed by verbal expression and processing.90003 90002 Reich’s ideas on «Character» and the processing of resistance and negative transference were widely acclaimed by psychoanalysts, while his emphasis on working with the body, emotional discharge and sexuality was taken on and further developed by various neo-Reichian schools. 90111 Later, Reich developed concepts like orgastic potency, sexual energy, and «orgone energy,» not embraced by established psychoanalysis. 90003 90002 ► Other pioneers such as Georg 90009 Groddeck 90010 and Szandor 90009 Ferenczi 90010 experimented working in a more direct way with the body, while Alfred 90009 Adler 90010, Carl 90009 Jung 90010 and other focused on how psychic energy is distributed throughout the body and on the relation between mind and body.90111 A few psychotherapists, contemporaries of Reich, were greatly influenced by his work with the body, in particular 90009 Fritz Perls 90010 (1969), founder of 90009 Gestalt therapy 90010, 90009 Arthur Janov 90010 (1970) who founded 90009 Primal Therapy 90010, and 90009 Stanislav Grof 90010 (1986) who named his own technique 90009 Holotropic Breathwork 90010. 90003 90002 ► Reich’s work on the body, muscular armoring and resistance, drew along many followers. In Norway and the United States, Reich worked with numerous therapists who incorporated his theory to their work processes.An international movement of Body Psychotherapy was developed, with quite a few variations either directly emanating from Reich’s work or adding substantially to it, or at least owing a lot to it. 90003 90002 ► In the United States, 90009 Elsworth Baker, 90010 along with co-workers — known as «Orgonomists» — founded the American College of Orgonomy (1968) and published 90049 the Journal of Orgonomy 90050, continuing the tradition of Reich’s Medical Orgonomy. 90111 Second-generation Body Psychotherapists, trained by Reich in the United States and called «Neo-Reichians», include Alexander Lowen, John Pierrakos, Myron Sharaf and Eva Reich.90003 90002 Alexander Lowen 90003 90002 ► Physician 90009 Alexander Lowen 90010 (1910-2008) in collaboration with John Pierrakos, created 90009 Bioenergetic Analysis 90010 (1975), developing and adding very significant concepts-techniques to Body Psychotherapy: «grounding» in psychotherapy, standing up and deepening breathing . 90003 90002 Eva & John Pierrakos 90003 90002 ► 90009 John Pierrakos 90010 (1921-2001), initially worked with Lowen, and then developed 90009 Core Energetics 90010 (1987) aiming to ease the release of the core self, combining his therapeutic experience in the practice of Bioenergetics with «The Pathwork «- the spiritual mediation used by his wife Eva Pierrakos — with the focus on love as man’s deepest truth.90003 90002 ► 90009 Eva Reich 90010, W. Reich’s youngest daughter, developed the technique of 90009 Gentle Bioenergetics 90010 or 90009 Butterfly Baby Massage 90010 (1996), a kind of soft massage that can be administered by mothers to babies born prematurely in order to aid the process of establishing a relationship that has been disrupted. 90003 90002 ► In Norway, psychoanalyst 90009 Ola Raknes 90010 (1887-1975) was also trained by Reich in 90009 Characteranalytic Vegetotherapy 90010 and later he himself trained other therapists such as A.S. Neill, Paul Ritter, Peter Jones, David Boadella, Gerda Boyesen and Malcolm Brown. A few of them developed their own view of Body Psychotherapy and formed the third generation of Body Psychotherapists. 90003 90002 ► Thus, 90009 David Boadella 90010 developed 90009 Biosynthesis 90010, delving on how the three embryological layers — endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm — influence the body’s current structure. Boadella was a very significant personality in the area of ​​Body Psychotherapy, especially from 1970 to 1990.He founded the first journal on the subject of Body Psychotherapy, titled 90049 Energy & Character 90050, with the help of which Body Psychotherapy acquired consistency and an independent identity as a scientific discipline. In addition, he was a founding member of the European Association of Body Psychotherapy (1988) and its first president. 90003 90002 Gerda Boyesen 90003 90002 ► 90009 Gerda Boyesen 90010 (1922-2005) founded 90009 Biodynamic Psychology 90010 (1980), contributing the understanding that the self-regulation system of emotional intensity functions not only through the orgasm reflex or the relaxation of muscular armour, but also based on the parasympathetic activity in the digestive system.She introduced the terms «emotional absorption» and «psychoperistalsis», and developed theory and techniques for the relaxation of the armour at the connective tissue and muscles according to Reich. She also developed a kind of very subtle massage relaxing and rebalancing the ANS, thus enhancing the expression of emotion lying behind the bodily tension. 90111 Her son, 90009 Paul Boyesen 90010, later created his own method, which he called 90009 Psycho-organic Analysis 90010. 90003 90002 ► 90009 Malcolm Brown 90010 and his wife 90009 Katherine Ennis Brown 90010, influenced by the Gestalt psychotherapy and by Charlotte Selver, Carl Rogers (2003), Reich, Lowen, Boadella (1987) and Boyesen (1980), developed 90009 Organismic Psychotherapy 90010 .They delved into the effect created by the therapist’s touch and how it differentiates when the therapist is a man or a woman. Malcolm Brown conducted research into the varying functionality, in therapy, of «vertical grounding» (standing position) compared to «horizontal grounding». 90003 90002 ► 90009 Lillemore Johnsen 90010 (1981), influenced by Freud and Reich, and through a more existential point of view, developed a particular method of «reading the body» through soft touching and restoration of breathing, with precise diagnosis.She called her modality 90009 Integrated Respiration Therapy 90010. 90003 90002 ► 90009 Lisbeth Marcher 90010 (1989), using some of Johnsen’s ideas, created the 90009 Bodynamics 90010 modality which states that personality problems and the elements of character structuring result from conflicts in relationships. Her techniques aim to transform old and persistent behavior motifs through the education process and the energizing of kinetic and psychological resources. 90003 90002 ► 90009 Charles Kelley 90010 (1922-2005) created the 90009 Radix 90010 method (1970s), a kind of «training in emotion, purpose and improving eyesight,» combining the techniques of Reich on emotional discharge and the method of William Bates for the improvement of eyesight.90003 90002 ► 90009 Stanley Keleman 90010 (1986), a student of Alexander Lowen and Ola Raknes, differentiated greatly from Reich, proving that the concept of muscular armour, energy flow and its restriction is extended not only to muscles but also to the body’s soft tissue , the bowels. He calls his approach 90009 Formative Psychology 90010 and studies the relationship between emotions and anatomical form (90009 Emotional Anatomy 90010). 90003 90002 ► 90009 Ron Kurtz 90010 (1990), combining the influence of Gestalt therapy, Arthur Janov’s Primal Therapy, Rolfing, Bioenergetic Analysis and the work of J.Pierrakos, Al Pesso and Moshe Feldenkrais, developed the 90009 Hakomi 90010 method that helps a person realize what he has the potential to become or what he should become. 90003 90002 ► 90009 Jack Lee Rosenberg 90010 (1996) created 90009 Integrative Body 90010 90009 Psychotherapy 90010 encapsulating features from yoga, Bioenergetic Analysis, Reichian analysis, psychoanalysis, Transactional Analysis and object-oriented relationships. 90003 90002 ► Psychiatrist 90009 Jerome Liss 90010 (1986) developed 90009 Biosystemic 90010 psychotherapy, which combines various ways of working with the body, in order to explore the relationship between the parasympathetic and the sympathetic system of the ANS.The resulting emotional deepening helps a person restore a healthy balance. 90003 90002 ► In the next generation of Body Psychotherapists who had no contact with co-workers and students of Reich, 90009 Jacob «Jay» Stattman 90010 (1989 and 1991) founded 90009 Unitive Psychology 90010, unifying elements of Humanistic Psychology with the theoretical work of Reich and some psychodynamic elements of Character Analysis. He used various techniques on the body, focusing on breathing, movement and contact, influenced by Gerda Boyesen, Reich, Lowen and Feldenkrais.90003 90002 ► Influenced by Gestalt therapy and Bioenergetics, psychiatrist 90009 Yvonne Maurer 90010 (1993) developed 90009 Körperzentrierte Psychotherapie (IKP) (Body-centered Psychotherapy) 90010. 90003 90002 ► 90009 Luciano Rispoli 90010 (2008) developed 90009 Functional Psychotherapy 90010, exploring the functionality of a person on all levels: mind, emotion, body, physiology. Therapy aims to mobilize and again incorporate the altered functions so as to restore primal fundamental experiences.90003 90002 ► 90009 Arnold Mindell 90010, initially a Jungian analyst, at the late 1970s developed his own modality of 90009 Process-oriented Psychotherapy 90010, which follows the psychological workings of a person during his development and movement through various channels. 90003 90002 ► Another main stream within Body Psychotherapy is 90009 Dance-Movement Psychotherapy 90010, a somatic psychotherapeutic version of the Dance-Movement Therapy that grew out of the work by 90009 Elsa Gindler, Marion Chase, Isadora Duncan, Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey 90010 and others.90003 90002 ► 90009 Ilana Rubenfeld 90010 (1998) developed the 90009 Rubenfeld Synergy Method 90010 (RSM), using a kind of touch with the hands, quite similar to Gerda Boyesen’s technique of mild biodynamic massage. 90003 90002 Jack W. Painter, PhD, Founder of Bodymind Integration 90003 90002 ► 90009 Jack Painter’s 90010 90009 Bodymind Integration (also PsychoCorporal Integration) 90010 combines body psychotherapeutic methods with specialized forms of deep holistic bodywork. There are three forms of PsychoCorporal (Bodymind) Integration, that are regulated by ICPIT (90009 The 90010 90009 International Council of PsychoCorporal (Bodymind) Integration Trainers (ICPIT), 90010 the sole representative umbrella organization, founded in 1988): 90009 Postural Integration® 90010 (which in it’s psychotherapeutic form (PPI) is accredited by EABP and EAP) 90009, 90010 was developed in the 1960s (See: Deep Bodywork and Personal Development, 1987) as an original synthesis — not an eclectic combination — of Reichian Therapy ( Rafael Estrada Villa, Peter Levine), Gestalt Process Work (Marty Fromm and Fritz Perls), Rolfing (Ida Rolf & Bill Williams), Psychodrama, Movement Awareness and the theory of the 5-elements.Later -in the 1980s and 1990s — 90009 Energetic Integration® 90010 and 90009 Pelvic-Heart Integration® 90010 were developed and are taught as separate modalities in 3 to 4 year programs 90009. 90010 90003 90002 Al & Diane Pesso 90003 90002 ►There are also some people who dealt with a kind of «somatic therapy» to which they proceeded to add psychotherapeutic features so as to transform it to Body Psychotherapy. For example, in the United States, 90009 Susan Aposhyan 90010 (2004) transformed Bonnie Bainbridge Cohen’s 90009 Body-Mind Centering 90010 to a form of Body Psychotherapy.90009 Albert Pesso 90010 and his wife 90009 Diane Boyden-Pesso 90010 (1961), who started out as professional dancers, studied the way that movement can ease the expression of emotion. In this way, they developed the 90009 Pesso-Boyden System of Psychomotor Therapy (PBSP) 90010, which involves a rich form of structured body-oriented psychodrama. The important work of 90009 Hilarion Petzold 90010, founder of 90009 integrative movement therapy (Integrative Bewegungstherapie) 90010 and the Fritz Perls Institut in Germany also needs to be mentioned.Like Pesso, he was and is of great influence to 90009 Psychomotorische Therapie 90010 (90009 psychomotor therapy) 90010, an established treatment method in mental health care thaught at University level in Belgium and the Netherlands. 90003 90002 Although body psychotherapy has common places with some body therapies, body techniques and complementary branches of medicine that refer to the body, it is very different on the aspect of being a psychological therapy. Body Psychotherapy has been scientifically established by the EAP (European Association for Psychotherapy) and the professional qualifications which are required for its practice have also been scientifically defined.Finally, there are a lot of different and sometimes differentiated enough approaches within Body Psychotherapy, as is also the case in other branches of psychotherapy. 90003 90002 90003 .90000 What is Body-Oriented Pyschotherapy? (With pictures) 90001 90002 The term «body-oriented psychotherapy» is used to refer to a practice that emphasizes reciprocal relationships within the body and mind. Body-oriented psychotherapy is a branch of psychotherapy that has origins in clinical psychology and the work of Wilhelm Reich, Pierre Janet, and Sigmund Freud. Body-oriented psychotherapists seek to help patients by encouraging and facilitating both internal self-regulation as well as the accurate perception of external reality.90003 90004 Body-oriented pyschotherapy involves breathing exercises. 90002 Body-oriented psychotherapy is also known as body psychotherapy or somatic psychology.Areas of specialization within this broader field can include character analytic vegetotherapy, postural integration, biosynthesis, Rubenfeld synergy, unitive psychotherapy, Brennan healing science, and sensorimotor psychotherapy. 90003 90007 Body-oriented psychotherapy can be used to treat anxiety, depression, and relationship problems.90002 Body-oriented psychotherapy has been around in some form since the 1930s. However, body-oriented psychotherapists gained widespread recognition in the 1980s, as practitioners joined together to form professional associations relating to this type of psychotherapy, including associations of body psychotherapy in Europe and America.Scholarly journals discussing advances in the field of body-oriented psychotherapy include 90009 Energy & Character 90010, 90009 The USABP Journal of Body Psychotherapy 90010, and 90009 The Journal of Body, Dance & Movement in Psychotherapy 90010. 90003 90002 Want to automatically save time and money month? Take a 2-minute quiz to find out how you can start saving up to $ 257 / month.90003 90018 Body-oriented psychotherapy often encourages relaxation techniques and meditation. 90002 According to the United States Association for Body Psychotherapy (USABP), body-oriented psychotherapists draw from research in biology, anthropology, ethology, neurophysiology, neuropsychology, developmental psychology, neonatology, and perinatal studies.They consider the field both a science and an art. 90003 90021 Body-oriented psychotherapy may focus on relieving lower back pain. 90002 Body-oriented psychotherapy can be used to treat anxiety, depression, sexual difficulties, or relationship problems as well as troublesome physical concerns such as headaches or lower back pain.In a body-oriented psychotherapy session, patients talk about their problems just as you’d expect in any type of psychotherapy. However, they are also encouraged to become aware of their bodily sensations, emotions, and behaviors. Therapists often use touch, movement, and breathing exercises to assist in this goal. While the experience of having a therapist physically touch the patient can make some people feel nervous, practitioners are willing to make accommodations when necessary. 90003 90002 If you think you might benefit from body-oriented psychotherapy, USABP recommends keeping in mind «the five R’s» — respect, rapport, responsiveness, readiness, and reputation — as you select a therapist that best fits your needs.If you choose someone who does not meet all of these criteria, you will likely feel too uncomfortable to truly benefit from this treatment approach. It is perfectly acceptable to schedule initial meetings with several different therapists before choosing someone to help you begin a more extensive treatment plan. 90003 90026 In a body-oriented psychotherapy session, a person will talk about their problems while being encouraged to become aware of their emotions and behaviors..90000 What is Psychotherapy? 90001 90002 All Topics 90003 90004 90005 90006 Psychotherapy 90007, or talk therapy, is a way to help people with a broad variety of mental illnesses and emotional difficulties. Psychotherapy can help eliminate or control troubling symptoms so a person can function better and can increase well-being and healing. 90008 90002 Problems helped by psychotherapy include difficulties in coping with daily life; the impact of trauma, medical illness or loss, like the death of a loved one; and specific mental disorders, like depression or anxiety.There are several different types of psychotherapy and some types may work better with certain problems or issues. Psychotherapy may be used in combination with medication or other therapies. 90003 90011 90006 Therapy Sessions 90007 90014 90002 Therapy may be conducted in an individual, family, couple, or group setting, and can help both children and adults. Sessions are typically held once a week for about 30 to 50. Both patient and therapist need to be actively involved in psychotherapy.The trust and relationship between a person and his / her therapist is essential to working together effectively and benefiting from psychotherapy. 90003 90002 Psychotherapy can be short-term (a few sessions), dealing with immediate issues, or long-term (months or years), dealing with longstanding and complex issues. The goals of treatment and arrangements for how often and how long to meet are planned jointly by the patient and therapist. 90003 90002 Confidentiality is a basic requirement of psychotherapy.Also, although patients share personal feelings and thoughts, intimate physical contact with a therapist is never appropriate, acceptable, or useful. 90003 90011 90006 Psychotherapy and Medication 90007 90014 90025 90002 Psychotherapy is often used in combination with medication to treat mental health conditions. In some circumstances medication may be clearly useful and in others psychotherapy may be the best option. For many people combined medication and psychotherapy treatment is better than either alone.Healthy lifestyle improvements, such as good nutrition, regular exercise and adequate sleep, can be important in supporting recovery and overall wellness. 90003 90011 90006 Does Psychotherapy Work? 90007 90014 90002 Research shows that most people who receive psychotherapy experience symptom relief and are better able to function in their lives. About 75 percent of people who enter psychotherapy show some benefit from it. 90033 90006 1 90007 90036 Psychotherapy has been shown to improve emotions and behaviors and to be linked with positive changes in the brain and body.The benefits also include fewer sick days, less disability, fewer medical problems, and increased work satisfaction. 90003 90002 With the use of brain imaging techniques researchers have been able to see changes in the brain after a person has undergone psychotherapy. Numerous studies have identified brain changes in people with mental illness (including depression, panic disorder, PTSD and other conditions) as a result of undergoing psychotherapy. In most cases the brain changes resulting from psychotherapy were similar to changes resulting from medication.90033 90006 2 90007 90036 90003 90002 To help get the most out of psychotherapy, approach the therapy as a collaborative effort, be open and honest, and follow your agreed upon plan for treatment. Follow through with any assignments between sessions, such as writing in a journal or practicing what you’ve talked about. 90003 90011 90006 Types of Psychotherapy 90007 90014 90002 Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals use several types of therapy. The choice of therapy type depends on the patient’s particular illness and circumstances and his / her preference.Therapists may combine elements from different approaches to best meet the needs of the person receiving treatment. 90003 90052 90002 90006 Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) 90007 helps people identify and change thinking and behavior patterns that are harmful or ineffective, replacing them with more accurate thoughts and functional behaviors. It can help a person focus on current problems and how to solve them. It often involves practicing new skills in the «real world.» 90003 90002 CBT can be helpful in treating a variety of disorders, including depression, anxiety, trauma related disorders, and eating disorders.For example, CBT can help a person with depression recognize and change negative thought patterns or behaviors that are contributing to the depression. 90003 90002 90006 Interpersonal therapy (IPT) 90007 is a short-term form of treatment. It helps patients understand underlying interpersonal issues that are troublesome, like unresolved grief, changes in social or work roles, conflicts with significant others, and problems relating to others. It can help people learn healthy ways to express emotions and ways to improve communication and how they relate to others.It is most often used to treat depression. 90003 90002 90006 Dialectical behavior therapy 90007 is a specific type of CBT that helps regulate emotions. It is often used to treat people with chronic suicidal thoughts and people with borderline personality disorder, eating disorders and PTSD. It teaches new skills to help people take personal responsibility to change unhealthy or disruptive behavior. It involves both individual and group therapy. 90003 90002 90006 Psychodynamic therapy 90007 is based on the idea that behavior and mental well-being are influenced by childhood experiences and inappropriate repetitive thoughts or feelings that are unconscious (outside of the person’s awareness).A person works with the therapist to improve self-awareness and to change old patterns so he / she can more fully take charge of his / her life. 90003 90002 90006 Psychoanalysis 90007 is a more intensive form of psychodynamic therapy. Sessions are typically conducted three or more times a week. 90003 90002 90006 Supportive therapy 90007 uses guidance and encouragement to help patients develop their own resources. It helps build self-esteem, reduce anxiety, strengthen coping mechanisms, and improve social and community functioning.Supportive psychotherapy helps patients deal with issues related to their mental health conditions which in turn affect the rest of their lives. 90003 90002 90006 Additional therapies 90007 sometimes used in combination with psychotherapy include: 90003 90083 90084 Animal-assisted therapy — working with dogs, horses or other animals to bring comfort, help with communication and help cope with trauma 90085 90084 Creative arts therapy — use of art, dance, drama, music and poetry therapies 90085 90084 Play therapy — to help children identify and talk about their emotions and feelings 90085 90090 90002 90006 More Information 90007 90003 90002 90006 References 90007 90003 90099 90084 American Psychological Association.Understanding psychotherapy and how it works. 2016. http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/understanding-psychotherapy.aspx 90085 90084 Karlsson, H. How Psychotherapy changes the Brain. Psychiatric Times. 2011. 90085 90084 Wiswede D, et al. 2014. Tracking Functional Brain Changes in Patients with Depression under Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Using Individualized Stimuli. PLoS ONE. 2014. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0109037 90085 90106 90002 Physician Review By: 90108 Ranna Parekh, M.D., M.P.H. 90108 Lior Givon, M.D., PH.D. 90108 January 2019 90003 .